![]() ![]() The initial settlers were predominantly German immigrants and their descendents, many from Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The connection of the Hocking Canal to the Ohio and Erie Canal in this era provided a way for the region's rich agricultural produce to reach eastern markets. Initially known as New Lancaster, and later shortened by city ordinance (1805), the town quickly grew formal incorporation as a city came in 1831. Many villages and townships right outside Lancaster, such as Lithopolis, Royalton, and Greencastle, were settled around the same time, which contributed to the village's success. Lancaster antedated the formal establishment of the state of Ohio by three years. As Zane's sons began to carve the square-mile tract astride the Hocking into saleable plots, the village of Lancaster was founded in 1800. Zane's Trace, as it is now known, was completed by 1797. As part of the deal, Zane was awarded square-mile tracts of land at the points where his trace crossed the Hocking, Muskingum, and Scioto Rivers. Knowing that such speculation, combined with congressional grants of land sections to veterans of the Revolution, could result in a lucrative opportunity, in 1796 Ebenezer Zane petitioned Congress to grant him a contract to blaze a trail through Ohio, from Wheeling, West Virginia, to Limestone, Kentucky (near modern Maysville, Kentucky), a distance of 266 miles (428 km). With pioneer settlement within Ohio made legal and safe from Indian raids, developers began to speculate in land sales in earnest. As the new United States government began to cast its eye westward, the stage was set for the series of campaigns that culminated in the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 and the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. White settlers began to encroach on Native American lands in the Northwest Territory. Having been ceded to the United States by Great Britain after the American Revolution in the Treaty of Paris, the lands north of the Ohio River and west of the Appalachian Mountains were incorporated into the Northwest Territory in 1787. Leaving the area the next day, Gist rode southwest to Maguck, another Delaware town near Circleville. Frontier explorer Christopher Gist reached Lancaster's vicinity on January 19, 1751, when he visited the small Delaware town of Hockhocking nearby. It served as a natural crossroads for the inter- and intra-tribal wars fought at various times. ![]() Serpent Mound and Hopewell Culture National Historical Park, though not in Fairfield County, are nearby.īefore and immediately after European settlement, the land today comprising Lancaster and Fairfield County was inhabited by the Shawnee, nations of the Iroquois, Wyandot, and other Native American tribes. Many mounds and burial sites have also yielded archaeological artifacts. The earliest known inhabitants of the southeastern and central Ohio region were the Hopewell, Adena, and Fort Ancient Native Americans, of whom little evidence survived, beyond the burial and ceremonial mounds built throughout the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys. It is part of the Columbus metropolitan area. The city is near the Hocking River, about 33 miles (53 km) southeast of Columbus and 38 miles (61 km) southwest of Zanesville. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 40,552. Lancaster ( locally / ˈ l æ ŋ k( ə) s t ər/ LANK-(ə-)stər) is a city in and the county seat of Fairfield County, Ohio, in the south-central part of the state. ![]()
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